Israel Wars 1947-1993

This book is the result of a suggestion made by Jeremy Black, general editor of

Warfare and History, who thought that an account of Israel’s wars would be a useful

addition to the series. Its publication was delayed by an invitation to act as a

consultant and write the companion book for a six-part BBC Television documentary

about the Arab–Israeli conflict (The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs). This

has proved a benefit since, in the course of my work on the series, I came across

material which I could never otherwise have obtained.

Israel’s Wars, 1947–93 is, first and foremost, an overview of Israel’s wars with the

Palestinians and Arabs. I start with the 1947–8 Jewish-Palestinian struggle for possession

and mastery of the land of Palestine, and conclude with the Israeli–Palestinian

confrontation which took place between 1987 and 1993, the so-called Intifada.

In between I examine Israel’s wars with its Arab neighbours, principally Egypt,

Jordan, Syria and the PLO in Lebanon, in the years 1948, 1956, 1967, 1968–70, 1973

and 1982.

Israel’s Wars is not, however, only about battles and fighting, but also about the

people of Israel, a nation-in-arms, who are, it is often said, ‘soldiers on eleven

months’ annual leave’. By looking at almost five decades of Israeli– Palestinian–

Arab conflict we can see that the Israelis, in spite of tremendous difficulties, have

for many years demonstrated an extraordinary willingness to carry the burden,

pay high taxes, endure long military service, and fight both in wars and between

them. But after, and as a result of, the Six Day War of June 1967, as I will demonstrate,

Israelis became more critical of their leadership, dissent grew, and there was also a

pronounced tendency to reject the idea that preparations for war need always be at

the expense of social services and justify indifference towards domestic problems.

Still, in spite of growing dissent and criticism, the Israelis remained, in the post-

1967 war period, loyal to their leadership, always rallying behind it in times of

war. The turning point, however, came during the 1982 war in Lebanon when, for

the first time in Israel’s history, national solidarity showed signs of breaking down,

and while the battle was still in progress Israelis protested against the war, and

some even declared their refusal to take part in it. This unprecedented challenge

and decline in the motivation of Israelis to serve gathered pace after the Lebanon

war and reached a peak during the Intifada, the Palestinian revolt in the occupied

territories between 1987 and 1993.

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