Punjab Sufiana Poets Record Poetry

No account of Punjabi Sufism, its poets and poetry, will be complete

without a short sketch of the origin and development of Sufism

outside India. Punjabi Sufism, evidently, is a branch of the great Sufi

movement which originated in Arabia, during the second century A.H.

(A.D. 800).1 It differs a good deal, however, in details, from the

original, being subjected to many modifications under the influence of

Hindu religious and philosophic thought. Before following up the

evolution and the final trend of Sufi thought in the Punjab, it is

necessary to review briefly the outstanding features of this Islamic

sect as it developed outside India.

Sufism was born soon after the death of the Prophet and ‘proceeded

on orthodox lines’.2 It’s adepts had ascetic tendencies, led hard lives,

practicing the tenets of the Qur’an to the very letter. But this

asceticism soon passed into mysticism, and before the end of the

second century A.H. (A.D. 815), these ascetics began to be known to

the people as Sufis3. The name was given to them because they wore

woolen garments. The term, labisa’l-suf, which formerly meant ‘he

clad himself in wool’, and was applied to a person who renounced the

world and became an ascetic4, henceforward signified that he became

a Sufi5.Punjabi poetry has its own charm. Its language is more archaic than

Hindi or Urdu; its imagery is drawn from country life and simple

crafts. One might make a comparison with the Provencal poetry of

Southern France. Provencal also is more old-fashioned than French;

its poetry belongs to the countryside, to the farm, and tiny market

town, and is instinct with a simplicity and sincerity that is rare in the

more classical language. Panjabi poetry sings mainly of Love and

God. By the Sufis these two themes are interwoven, as is explained in

the Introduction.

This book presents us with studies of a series of Sufi poets of the

Punjab who wrote in the Punjabi language. They begin with the

second of the fifteenth century and end with the nineteenth. In this

period of some four centuries we find half a dozen famous saints

beginning with Farid, twelfth in spiritual succession from Shakar Ganj

of Pak Patan, and leading on to several others not so well known. The

greatest of them all was Bullhe Shah (1650- 1758). 

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